Natural Adults
Clackamas - 10,671 , Molalla - 3,226 , North Santiam - 8,362 , South Santiam - 3,912 , Calapooia - 522 | Winter Steelhead |
Natural Adults
Clackamas - 7,837 ; Molalla - 699 ; North Santiam - 5,428 , South Santiam - 3,116 , Calapooia - 598 , Mckenzie - 10,017 , Middle Fork Willamette - 5,820 | Spring Chinook |
| 1,551 natural adults (Clackamas population) | Fall Chinook |
| 11,232 natural adults | Coho |
| 20 populations of the least 500 adults, all exhibiting stable or increasing trend; at least four populations each in Mainstem Willamette, Middle Fork Willamette, and Santiam | Oregon Chub |
| 20 populations, with at least 500 adults in each population with a stable or increasing trend for 7 years. At least four populations must be located in each of three subbasins: Willamette River mainstem, Middle Fork Willamette River, Santiam River. | Oregon Chub |
| 900 to 1,500 or more individuals in the recovery unit, distributed in each core area as follows: 600 to 1,000 in the upper Willamette River core area and 300 to 500 in the Clackamas River core habitat with stable or increasing trends for minimum of 10 years. | Bull Trout |
| 900-1,500 adults (600-100 in Upper Willamette Core Area; 300-500 in Clackamas Core Area) | Bull Trout |
| achieve stable or increasing populations within 10 years | White-breasted Nuthatch |
| Achieve stable populations (negative trends of less than 2 percent per year) or increasing trends by 2010. | American Kestrel |
| Achieve stable populations (negative trends of less than 2 percent per year) or increasing trends by 2010. | Western Bluebird |
| at a landscape scale, oak woodland patches should be at least 100 ac in size, with at least one patch per watershed (fifth-field HUC) being larger than 300 acres if soil and elevation conditions are suitable for this | White-breasted Nuthatch |
| Avoid use of pesticides near retained snags | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Conserve genetic diversity and provide opportunity for genetic exchange. | Bull Trout |
| Delisting should occur on a nation-wide basis | Bald Eagle |
| Determine limiting factors through research and seek opportunities to reintroduce if and where suitable habitat is found. | Water Howellia |
| Do not allow tree canopy cover to exceed 20 percent | Willow Flycatcher |
| During harvest operations, retain large logs and stumps in various stages of decay for foraging sites. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat | Yellow Warbler |
| Extend rotation ages to >80 years to provide potential snags of sufficient size, and retain these snags and recruit replacement snags (large live trees) at each harvest entry. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Following forest fires, leave larger snags whenever feasible. | Western Bluebird |
| Habitat recovery goal for the Willamette/Umpqua Basins: 42 minimum number of terretories needed to provide seecure habitat for the recovered population | Bald Eagle |
| If snags have not been retained (or are insufficient in number), create snags through blasting tops or inoculation with heart rot if size of trees meets species requirements. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| In reforestation units, include at least 10 percent hemlock or true fir seedlings, and retain these trees through thinnings and harvest. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Increase the length of harvest rotations to greater than 100 years | Vaux's Swift |
| Increasing trend in numbers of naturally produced adult cutthroat trout in their historical range in the Willamette River and its tributaries as measured by average density of adults per square meter in samples of randomly selected reaches in streams | Cutthroat Trout |
| Increasing trends in the abundance, distribution, and genetic preservation of naturally spawning Chinook and steelhead salmon in the Willamette Basin within the next 15 years, as measured by counts at all available facilities, presence above barriers, and the presence of marked fish on spawning grounds. | Spring Chinook |
| Increasing trends in the abundance, distribution, and genetic preservation of naturally spawning Chinook and steelhead salmon in the Willamette Basin within the next 15 years, as measured by counts at all available facilities, presence above barriers, and the presence of marked fish on spawning grounds. | Winter Steelhead |
| Lengthen the usual harvest rotation period to sustain a supply of old growth trees. | Red Tree Vole |
| Lengthen the usual harvest rotation period to sustain a supply of old growth trees. | Townsend’s (Pacific Western) Big-eared Bat |
| Lengthen the usual harvest rotation period to sustain the supply of old growth trees and create and maintain uneven-aged stands of timber | American (Pine) Marten |
| Lengthen the usual harvest rotation period to sustain the supply of old growth trees. | Great Gray Owl |
| Lengthen the usual harvest rotation period to sustain the supply of old growth trees. | Oregon Slender Salamander |
| Maintain >70 percent canopy closure and >70 percent conifer species canopy trees | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Maintain 2 nest snags per 10 ac, each being >30 inches in diameter | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Maintain a 5 acre no-harvest buffer around known nest or roost sites | Vaux's Swift |
| Maintain a 5 acre no-harvest buffer around known nest or roost sites. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Maintain a mean oak tree diameter of at least 15 inches, with >20 percent of the trees larger than 22 inches. | Acorn Woodpecker |
| Maintain a mosaic of non-managed grasslands in blocks of larger than 400 ac located at least one-quarter mile from human development or recreational activities | Northern Harrier |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. | Fender’s Blue Butterfly |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. | Kincaid’s Lupine |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. | Peacock Larkspur |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. | Taylor’s Checkerspot Butterfly |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. | White Rock Larkspur |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. | White-topped (Curtus’s) Aster |
| Maintain and increase current numbers and distribution through habitat protection, restoration, and management. The species recovery plan (USFWS 2000) describes objectives and identifies population reintroduction and development of propagation methods as high priority actions to meet the recovery objectives. | Golden Paintbrush |
| Maintain canopy cover of douglas-fir at less than 5 percent | Acorn Woodpecker |
| maintain canopy cover of Douglas-fir at less than 5 percent | Western Wood-Pewee |
| Maintain more than 20 distinct breeding populations in the basin by 2010 | Horned Lark |
| Maintain or create a deciduous (predominantly oak) canopy cover of less than 75 percent and a subcanopy cover of less than 50 percent | Acorn Woodpecker |
| maintain or create a deciduous canopy cover of 40-85 percent of which more than 80 percent is oak | Western Wood-Pewee |
| Maintain or create a mosaic of shrub or wetland patches amid a larger landscape of forest or other land devoid of cattle | Yellow Warbler |
| Maintain or create at least 70 percent deciduous shrub cover, of which at least 40 percent is beneath a forest canopy | Yellow Warbler |
| Maintain or create multiple patches of native shrub cover (for example, snowberry, poison oak) and herbaceous openings within oak woodlands such that cover of native shrubs is 10-40 percent, cover of blackberries is <10 percent, and cover of herbaceous plants is 30-70 percent | Chipping Sparrow |
| Maintain or create patches of suitable habitat (individually less than 200 acres in extent) throughout native and agricultural grasslands; the patches should have these characteristics: − Variable grass heights, generally shorter than 30 inches − Containing some shrubs, trees, or other perches, but over less than 10 percent of area − Located where disturbance from people, animals, and vehicles is minimal | Western Meadowlark |
| Maintain or create patches of suitable habitat (individually less than an acre in extent) throughout native and agricultural grasslands; the patches should have these characteristics: • Vegetation shorter than 1 ft • 20-50 percent bare or sparsely vegetated • Located where disturbance from people, animals, and vehicles is minimal | Horned Lark |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution of this plant through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Nelson’s Checkermallow |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat, consistent with minimizing ecological and economic damages. | American Beaver |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat, particularly as: − Tracts of greater than 640 acres that contain >45 percent mature and old-growth forest. − Riparian areas or other corridors wider than 600 ft wide | American (Pine) Marten |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Bradshaw’s Lomatium |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Cascades Frog |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Coastal Tailed Frog |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Common Yellowthroat |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Dunlin |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Great Gray Owl |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Green Heron |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Harlequin Duck |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Marbled Murrelet |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Oregon Slender Salamander |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Oregon Spotted Frog |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Purple Martin |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Red Tree Vole |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Red-eyed Vireo |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Red-legged Frog |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | River Otter |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Sora |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Spotted Owl |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Townsend’s (Pacific Western) Big-eared Bat |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Vaux's Swift |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Willamette Valley Daisy |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. | Wood Duck |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. Specific suggestions for habitat enhancement techniques and conservation strategies are provided by Adamus (2003b) and ODFW. | Western Pond Turtle |
| Maintain or expand existing numbers and geographic distribution through protection, restoration, and management of suitable habitat. Stream restoration actions that benefit salmon and trout are likely to benefit this species. | American Dipper |
| Maintain or increase conditions supportive of sustaining a supply of large oaks within woodlands | Western Gray Squirrel |
| Maintain or increase downed wood (especially large-diameter logs) within oak woodlands | Sharptail Snake |
| Maintain or increase present population in the basin. | Southern Alligator Lizard |
| Maintain or increase semi-open oak woodlands, especially near rocky areas | Southern Alligator Lizard |
| Maintain or provide a patchy deciduous shrub layer with several scattered herbaceous openings (i.e., 30-80 percent shrub cover) | Willow Flycatcher |
| Maintain or provide patches of suitable habitat individually greater than 20 acres and having these characteristics, which apply mainly to pasture, native prairie, and fallow fields: • Grass of variable heights, generally less than 18 inches tall • Some areas of bare or sparsely vegetated ground • Shrub cover of 5 to 15 percent • Located where disturbance from people, animals, and vehicles is minimal • Population objectives should include: • Maintain more than 20 distinct breeding populations in the basin by 2010 | Vesper Sparrow |
| Maintain retained large canopy trees through stand development and recruit replacement green-trees at each harvest entry. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Maintain stable or increasing trends in the abundance of adult bull trout. | Bull Trout |
| Maintain the current distribution of bull trout and restore distribution in previously occupied areas within the Willamette recovery unit. | Bull Trout |
| Manage woodlands to provide a sustained supply of cavities (especially in oaks) in trees of at least 24 inch diameter and located either along forest edges that adjoin open areas or within the open areas themselves, i.e., areas with <30 percent canopy. | American Kestrel |
| Manage woodlands to provide a sustained supply of snags (at least 10 ft tall and 15 inch diameter) located along edges that adjoin open areas, i.e., areas with fewer than 5 trees/ac (Hansen et al. 1995) | Western Bluebird |
| mean oak tree diameter of >22 inches with 20 percent of the oaks larger than 28 inches | White-breasted Nuthatch |
| non-oak canopy cover within woodlands of less than 10 percent | White-breasted Nuthatch |
| oak canopy cover within woodlands of 40-80 percent | White-breasted Nuthatch |
| Provide an average of 12 foraging snags per acre (mix of hard and soft snags) in the following size classes: − 10-20 in dbh = 7/ac − 20-30 in dbh = 3/ac − >30 in dbh = 2/ac (may include the nest snags) | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Provide an average of 5 of these potential nest/roost structures per square mile at any point in time, with up to 30 percent being live trees with broken tops (created or natural), and up to 20 percent being snags | Vaux's Swift |
| Provide the above at a distance of no less than 0.6 mi from residential areas and not less than 3 miles from areas with livestock (due to cowbird threat) | Willow Flycatcher |
| Restore and maintain suitable habitat conditions for all bull trout life history stages and forms. | Bull Trout |
| Retain >2.5 ac areas (aggregate clumps) with 4-12 trees/ac) that are >40 ft high and are within the harvest unit, not adjacent to the forest edge. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Retain downed dead wood to the maximum extent (ideally covering >20 percent of the ground) consistent with fuel reduction needs and in a spatially dispersed pattern | American (Pine) Marten |
| Retain known or suitable nesting and roosting snags from all harvest and salvage activities and restrict access for fuelwood cutters. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Retain large live trees with defective or dying conditions such as broken tops, fungal conks, and insect infestations. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Retain large trees in association with retained large snags where snags can serve as guard and foraging perches. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Retain or create nest structures with diameter greater than 27 inches and height greater than 82 ft, that are in different stages of decay and in stands with less than 60 percent canopy closure (for example, canopy gaps) so they are accessible to flying swifts | Vaux's Swift |
| Retain or provide suppressed or plantation trees throughout the harvest unit (>5/ac) that are 10-40 ft high. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Retain residual clumps of older forest in association with retained green-trees to increase edge and reduce effects of wind-throw on retained green-trees. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Retained snags should be spatially well distributed and mostly hard snags, but some may be defective live trees. | Pileated Woodpecker |
| Retained trees should be >50 percent hemlocks or true firs to provide preferred nest trees, and have at least 25 percent foliage volume (canopy lift) for nesting substrate. | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| Reverse declining BBS trends to achieve stable populations ( trends of <2 percent/year) or increasing trends by 2020. | Willow Flycatcher |
| Reverse declining BBS trends to achieve stable populations ( trends of <2 percent/year) or increasing trends by 2020. Maintain cowbird parasitism rates below 5 percent within specific woodlands. | Chipping Sparrow |
| reverse declining BBS trends to achieve stable populations (trends of <2 percent/year) or increasing trends by 2020. | Western Wood-Pewee |
| Reverse the declining BBS trends to achieve stable populations ( negative trends of less than 2 percent per year) or increasing trends by 2010. | Western Meadowlark |
| Survey and maintain (or increase) the present population in the basin. | Western Gray Squirrel |
| Survey and maintain or increase present population in the basin | Sharptail Snake |
| Survey present densities in the basin and then formulate biological objectives. | Western Rattlesnake |
| Survey, then maintain or increase present densities and distribution in the basin, consistent with minimizing potential damage to nearby crops. | Black-tailed Jackrabbit |
| The density of breeding pairs should be an average of one pair per 1500 acres within the percent of the landscape that is suitable habitat | Pileated Woodpecker |
| The density of breeding pairs should be an average of one pair per 50 acres within the percent of the landscape that is suitable habitat | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| The remainder of the harvest unit should average 1-2 trees/ac that are >40 ft high, dispersed relatively equally throughout the harvest unit | Olive-sided Flycatcher |
| There should be a minimum of 25 pairs nesting in the Willamette and Umpqua Basins | Bald Eagle |
| To ensure an acceptable distribution of nesting pairs, population recovery goals must be met in at least 80% of the management zones with nesting potential | Bald Eagle |
| Where nests are located, provide a no-activity buffer of at least 400 ft radius around nests | Northern Harrier |
